Highly advanced reptilian people of the Delta Quadrant who are descended from Earth's dinosaurs, a truth suppressed by their own ruling doctrine.
The Voth are an advanced reptilian species of the Delta Quadrant who travel in enormous city ships. Their society is governed by Doctrine, an official belief that the Voth evolved in the Delta Quadrant and were the first species there. Questioning Doctrine is treated as heresy and can lead to exile.
In the episode Distant Origin, set in 2373, the Voth scientist Forra Gegen examines the remains of a Voyager crewman and finds genetic links between Voth and humans. He concludes that the Voth originated on Earth as a species of hadrosaur who left the planet millions of years ago, before the extinction of the dinosaurs. Gegen kidnaps Chakotay to study human culture, but when he presents his evidence the Voth Minister Odala puts him on trial and threatens to imprison Voyager's crew. Gegen recants to save them, and Voyager is allowed to leave.
The episode is often compared to the trial of Galileo. It is unusual in being told largely from the point of view of the aliens, with Voyager's crew appearing as outsiders.