Spacefaring species and one of the first alien peoples befriended by Enterprise's crew, whose name was later attached to the famous Battle of Axanar.
In Fight or Flight, Enterprise found a drifting Axanar vessel whose crew had been killed so that a chemical could be harvested from their bodies. Captain Archer chose to go back and help, Hoshi Sato decoded the Axanar language, and the crew made friendly contact with an Axanar rescue ship.
A century later the name was tied to the Battle of Axanar, and James T. Kirk received a commendation for the Axanar Peace Mission, as noted during his hearing in Court Martial.