The Starfleet court martial of Commander Una Chin-Riley in 2259 for hiding her genetically modified Illyrian heritage, which ended with her being granted asylum and restored to duty.
Una Chin-Riley was arrested at the end of the first season of Strange New Worlds for breaching the Federation's ban on genetic modification. Starfleet offered a plea bargain and, when she refused, added charges that could have brought twenty years in prison.
The trial is the subject of Ad Astra per Aspera. Pike persuades the Illyrian civil rights lawyer Neera Ketoul, an estranged childhood friend of Una's, to defend her. Captain Batel prosecutes under pressure from the Vulcan officer Pasalk, and Spock, La'an and M'Benga testify.
Una describes the persecution of Illyrian families and admits that she turned herself in. Ketoul then cites the Starfleet code under which a captain may grant asylum to those fleeing persecution, and argues that Pike did so. The tribunal agrees.