A Delta Quadrant people with an extraordinary gift for languages, who held off the Borg for centuries before being assimilated, as their survivor Arturis relates in Hope and Fear.
Species 116 is the Borg designation for the people of Arturis, seen in the Voyager episode Hope and Fear. No other name is given. Its members can pick up a new language after hearing a few phrases, and Arturis claims to know more than four thousand. Their ingenuity kept the Collective at bay for hundreds of years.
That defence failed after Janeway helped the Borg to defeat Species 8472, as the Collective was then free to turn on its neighbours. Arturis was one of a handful who escaped.
In 2374 he arrives aboard Voyager as a helpful passenger and decodes a Starfleet message so that it appears to lead to the USS Dauntless, an experimental ship sent to take the crew home. The vessel is his own, disguised. He means to deliver the crew to the Borg in revenge, but only he is carried into Borg space.