A Delta Quadrant society whose hospital ship rationed medicine according to each patient's perceived value to society.
The Dinaali were encountered when a trader stole the Doctor's program from Voyager and sold it to a Dinaali hospital ship. Aboard the ship, care was allocated by a Treatment Coefficient, a measure of a patient's usefulness to their society, leaving lower-ranked patients with inadequate treatment while the favoured received generous care.
The Doctor clashed with the ship's administrator, Allocator Chellick, and went so far as to infect him with an illness to force a change of policy. The episode Critical Care used the Dinaali to examine medical ethics and resource rationing.