An Earth survey vessel that crashed on Talos IV in 2236, whose distress signal eighteen years later drew Captain Pike and the Enterprise into the Talosians' trap.
The SS Columbia carried a scientific expedition of the American Continent Institute. It was lost in 2236 when it crashed on the fourth planet of the Talos star group.
In The Cage, the Enterprise picks up a radio distress call that has taken eighteen years to arrive. On the surface a landing party finds a camp of elderly scientists and a young woman, Vina, said to have been born about the time of the crash. The camp is an illusion made by the Talosians to lure a healthy human male.
Only Vina survived the wreck, and she had been an adult aboard. The Talosians put her badly injured body back together without knowing what a human looked like. The events are retold in The Menagerie and referred to again in Discovery.