A totalitarian, human-supremacist state that replaces the Federation in a timeline altered by Q, conquering and enslaving other species under the slogan of a safe galaxy being a human one.
The Confederation of Earth is seen in the second season of Picard. In Penance, Q drops Picard and his friends into a 2401 in which Earth rules by force: Picard is a feared general with a trophy room of skulls, Seven of Nine is President Annika Hansen and Rios commands a warship fighting the Vulcans.
The regime marks Eradication Day by publicly executing its enemies, and the last Borg Queen is due to die at Picard's hand. The crew instead take her with them and travel to 2024 to find the point of change.
That point proves to be the Europa mission of Renée Picard. Had it failed, the geneticist Adam Soong would have become the saviour of a poisoned Earth and the Confederation's founding hero. Restoring the flight erases the regime.