The inhabitants of the human colony Mariposa, all cloned from five survivors of a crashed colony ship, who by 2365 faced extinction through replicative fading and stole cells from Enterprise officers.
The Mariposans appear in the Next Generation episode Up the Long Ladder. The colony ship Mariposa left Earth in 2123 carrying two groups: technologists and a band of back-to-the-land settlers who were dropped on Bringloid V. The ship then crashed on its destination with only five survivors, too few to breed, so they turned to cloning and gave up sexual reproduction entirely.
After nearly three centuries of copying copies, small errors have built up and the colony has only a few generations left. Prime Minister Wilson Granger asks the Enterprise-D for fresh tissue. When Riker and Pulaski refuse, the Mariposans drug them and take cells anyway; Riker destroys the half-grown clones.
Picard and Pulaski propose a different cure. The Bringloidi, just evacuated from their own doomed world, are resettled on Mariposa, and the two communities must merge and have children the old way.