The negotiations held on Earth in 2155 that brought humans, Vulcans, Andorians, Tellarites and other peoples into a Coalition of Planets, the direct forerunner of the United Federation of Planets.
After Enterprise helped to settle disputes between Vulcan, Andoria and Tellar, their governments agreed to meet on Earth to discuss a lasting alliance. The United Earth minister Nathan Samuels chaired the talks, which also drew delegates from worlds such as Rigel and Coridan.
The conference is shown in the Enterprise episodes Demons and Terra Prime. It was almost wrecked when the xenophobic movement Terra Prime, led by John Frederick Paxton, seized a mining array on Mars and threatened Starfleet Command unless all aliens left the Solar system.
Once Paxton was stopped, Archer addressed the wavering delegates and persuaded them to continue. The Coalition led within six years to the signing of the Federation charter, glimpsed in These Are the Voyages.